PMDF System Manager's Guide

5.3.1 Mapping Entry Patterns

Patterns can contain wildcard characters. In particular, the usual OpenVMS wildcard characters are allowed: an asterisk, * , will match zero or more characters and each percent sign, % , will match a single character. Asterisks, percent signs, spaces, and tabs can be quoted by preceeding them with a dollar sign, $ . Quoting an asterisk or percent sign robs it of any special meaning. Spaces and tabs must be quoted to prevent them from ending prematurely a pattern or template. Literal dollar sign characters should be doubled, $$ , the first dollar sign quoting the second one. Additional wildcards available in patterns are listed in Table 5-1.

Table 5-1 Mapping Pattern Wildcards
Wildcard Description

% Match exactly one character

* Match zero or more characters, with maximal or "greedy" left-to-right matching

Back match Description

$ n* Match the nth wildcard or glob

Modifiers Description

$_ Use minimal or "lazy" left-to-right matching

$@ Turn off "saving" of the succeeding wildcard or glob

$^ Turn on "saving" of the succeeding wildcard or glob; this is the default

Glob

wildcard Description

$A% Match one alphabetic character, A--Z or a--z

$A* Match zero or more alphabetic characters, A--Z or a--z

$B% Match one binary digit (0 or 1)

$B* Match zero or more binary digits (0 or 1)

$D% Match one decimal digit 0--9

$D* Match zero or more decimal digits 0--9

$H% Match one hexadecimal digit 0--9 or A--F

$H* Match zero or more hexadecimal digits 0--9 or A--F

$O% Match one octal digit 0--7

$O* Match zero or more octal digits 0--7

$S% Match one symbol set character, i.e., 0--9, A--Z, a--z, _, $

$S* Match zero or more symbol set characters, i.e., 0--9, A--Z, a--z, _, $

$T% Match one tab or vertical tab or space character

$T* Match zero or more tab or vertical tab or space characters

$X% A synonym for $H%

$X* A synonym for $H*

$[ c]% Match character c

$[ c]* Match arbitrary occurrences of character c

$[ c ₁ c ₂ ... c _n ]% Match exactly one occurrence of character c ₁ , c ₂ , or c _n

$[ c ₁ c ₂ ... c _n ]* Match arbitrary occurrences of any characters c ₁ , c ₂ , or c _n

$[ c ₁ -c _n ]% Match any one character in the range c ₁ to c _n

$[ c ₁ -c _n ]* Match arbitrary occurrences of characters in the range c ₁ to c _n

$< IPv4> Match an IPv4 address, ignoring bits

$( IPv4) Match an IPv4 address, keeping prefix bits

${ IPv6} Match an IPv6 address

**Table 5-1 Mapping Pattern Wildcards**
Wildcard	Description
%	Match exactly one character
*	Match zero or more characters, with maximal or "greedy" left-to-right matching
Back match	Description
$ n*	Match the nth wildcard or glob
Modifiers	Description
$_	Use minimal or "lazy" left-to-right matching
$@	Turn off "saving" of the succeeding wildcard or glob
$^	Turn on "saving" of the succeeding wildcard or glob; this is the default
Glob
wildcard	Description
$A%	Match one alphabetic character, A--Z or a--z
$A*	Match zero or more alphabetic characters, A--Z or a--z
$B%	Match one binary digit (0 or 1)
$B*	Match zero or more binary digits (0 or 1)
$D%	Match one decimal digit 0--9
$D*	Match zero or more decimal digits 0--9
$H%	Match one hexadecimal digit 0--9 or A--F
$H*	Match zero or more hexadecimal digits 0--9 or A--F
$O%	Match one octal digit 0--7
$O*	Match zero or more octal digits 0--7
$S%	Match one symbol set character, i.e., 0--9, A--Z, a--z, _, $
$S*	Match zero or more symbol set characters, i.e., 0--9, A--Z, a--z, _, $
$T%	Match one tab or vertical tab or space character
$T*	Match zero or more tab or vertical tab or space characters
$X%	A synonym for $H%
$X*	A synonym for $H*
$[ c]%	Match character c
$[ c]*	Match arbitrary occurrences of character c
$[ c ₁ c ₂ ... c _n ]%	Match exactly one occurrence of character c ₁ , c ₂ , or c _n
$[ c ₁ c ₂ ... c _n ]*	Match arbitrary occurrences of any characters c ₁ , c ₂ , or c _n
$[ c ₁ -c _n ]%	Match any one character in the range c ₁ to c _n
$[ c ₁ -c _n ]*	Match arbitrary occurrences of characters in the range c ₁ to c _n
$< IPv4>	Match an IPv4 address, ignoring bits
$( IPv4)	Match an IPv4 address, keeping prefix bits
${ IPv6}	Match an IPv6 address

Note that to specify multiple modifiers, or to specify modifiers and a back match, the syntax uses just one dollar character. For instance, to back match the initial wild card, without saving the back match itself, one would use $@0 , not $@$0 .

Note that the PMDF TEST/MATCH (OpenVMS) or pmdf test -match (UNIX) utility can be used to test mapping patterns and specifically to test wildcard behavior in patterns.

5.3.1.1 The $_ modifier: minimal vs. maximal Matching

Asterisk, * , wildcards maximize what they match working from left to right across the pattern. For instance, when the string a/b/c is compared to the pattern */* , the left asterisk will match a/b and the right asterisk will match c .

The $_ modifier causes wildcard matching to be minimized, where the least possible match is considered the match, working from left to right across the pattern. For instance, when the string a/b/c is compared to the pattern $_*/$_* , the left $_* will match a and the right $_* will match b/c .

5.3.1.2 IP Matching

With IPv4 "prefix bits" matching, an IP address or subnet is specified, optionally followed by a slash and the number of bits from the prefix that are significant when comparing for a match. For instance,

$(123.45.67.0/24)

will match anything in the 123.45.67.0 subnet.

With IPv4 "ignore bits" matching, an IP address or subnet is specified, optionally followed by a slash and the number of bits to ignore when checking for a match. For instance,

$<123.45.67.0/8>

will match anything in the 123.45.67.0 subnet. Or another example is that

$<123.45.67.4/2>

will match anything in the range 123.45.67.4--123.45.67.7.

IPv6 matching matches an IPv6 address or subnet.

5.3.1.3 Character Matching

Within globs, i.e., within a $[...] construct, the backslash character, (\), is the quote character. To represent a literal hyphen, - , or right bracket, ] , within a glob the hyphen or right bracket must be quoted with a backslash.

All other characters in a pattern just represent and match themselves. In particular, single and double quote characters as well as parentheses have no special meaning in either mapping patterns or templates; they are just ordinary characters. This makes it easy to write entries that correspond to illegal addresses or partial addresses.

Also note that within a single $[...] construct, there can be multiple ranges of characters ( c₁- c_n) and multiple lists of characters (c₁c₂...c_n ), mixed and matched.

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